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I love writing and reading articles, traveling places, making friends etc... Currently, I am doing my PhD in Computer Science in University of Memphis, USA.

My Personal Page:
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My Blogs:
1. Blog in Nepali
2. Blog in English
3. Technical Blog

नयाँ लेखहरु

Streaming in a Nutshell

Posted by Nobal Niraula ( नोवल निरौला ) Friday, June 15, 2007

I have heard the word ‘streaming’ almost two years before when I was in Pulchowk Hostel. It was the first time that I was using internet in my own computer, Room No 317A-Block, New Boys Hostel, IOE, and Pulchowk Campus. In this article, I am going to talk about streaming.

May be you have already listen radios, news, movies using streaming but may not notice what it is. I usually play BBC Nepali news via Real Player. Yes, that is one example of streaming. Server computer sends the requested item to the client in server client model. For example, when you access the yahoo page using your browser, the browser shows the content to you which are provided by yahoo server. Let me describe a little more how you are getting that data on your browser. When you request any page through browser, it connects the server that you provide. The server sends the data to you packet-by-packet. A packet is nothing but a small piece of the content that you are requesting for.

Let’s enter into Streaming. Streaming takes files-whether they are sound, video, animation or other media types- breaks them up into smaller pieces and sends them to their destination. This is very similar to how computers send information access a network or the Internet in general. [1] In the following paragraphs, I refer some web pages to solve the basic questions about streaming.

So what is a stream?

Streaming provides a mechanism that allows you to watch the movie or to listen music without downloading the whole file. Above we explain what streaming does, but not exactly what it is. At least, not what it is for RealPlayer. Each stream carries specific types of information. When you watch a video the visual part, what you watch, comes to you in one stream while the sound comes in another.

What is life streaming?

Life streaming means continuous data delivery. To guarantee a smooth playback, each data packet must be delivered with a strict deadline. [2]

How can I prepare an audio streaming?

Figure: Creating an Audio Stream [1]

As shown in figure, there are four steps to create an audio stream. Each step is described below: [1]

Step 1: Capture Audio

This step records or creates an audio which is going to change into audio stream later.

Step 2: Edit the Capture Data

Content provider adds or removes some contents on the recorded audio from step1.

Step 3: Encoding

Encoding is the process of getting file ready to be streamed. It takes a file as input and breaks it up into readable packets so that it can be sent and read. Every clip or every stream in a clip is encoded for a specific bit rate. The higher the resolution (the more information) a stream has, the higher the bandwidth it needs to get the information through to you at a useable speed.

The edited file in step2 is encoded into a stream. It means that the file is prepared to be streamed.

Step 4: Deliver the clip

The encoded file is placed on a Server to serve so that the streaming client can play it for you.

How stream players play the streamed audio?

Well, the following figure clearly shows how the process works. In this example, I just copied the figure from [2].

Figure: How a Real Player plays the streamed audio
Steps:

Step1: Open webpage say http://www.bbc.co.uk/nepali

Step 2: Click Listen Online (Chose to Daily News)

Step 3: Browser knows that the media is streamed and handovers to

RealPlayer/Windows Media Player according to your setting.

Step 4: RealPlayer plays the streamed audio.

References:

[1]. http://service.real.com/help/player/plus_manual.8/htmfiles/whatisrpp.htm#20306

[2]. http://www.cs.iastate.edu/~tobyxu/research-PLP-ROA.htm

I Love You Baby n P2P

Posted by Nobal Niraula ( नोवल निरौला ) Sunday, June 3, 2007

Although I read many articles, books about Peer to Peer Network, I hadn't tried it before. more than 70 % of today's internet traffic contains P2P traffic!. But I didn't tried it .. .. .. Today, 3rd June 2007, I download a song using EMule, a peer to peer software..
Thnx P2P.
Song Name : I Love You Baby
Lyrics :


Can't Take My Eyes Off Of You Lyrics
------------------------------------------------------------
You're just too good to be true.Can't take my eyes off you.
You'd be like heaven to touch.
I wannahold you so much.
At long last love has arrived.
And I thank God I'm alive.
You'rejust too good to be true.
I Can't take myeyes off yoy.
Pardon the way that I stare.
There's nothing else to compare.
The sight of you leaves me weak.
There are no words left to speak.
But if you feel like I feel.
Please let me knowthat it's real.
You're just too good to be true.
Can't take my eyes off you.

I need you baby, and if it's quite all right,I need you baby to warm a lonely night.
I loveyou baby.
Trust in me when I say: Oh pretty baby, don't bring me down I pray.
Oh prettybaby, now that I found you, stay.
And let me love you, oh baby let me love you, oh baby....
You're just too good to be true.
Can't take my eyes off you.
You'd be like heaven to touch.
I wannahold you so much.
At long last love has arrived.
And I thank God I'm alive.
You'rejust too good to be true.
Can't take myeyes off you.



I need you baby, and if it's quite all right,I need you baby to warm a lonely night.
I loveyou baby.
Trust in me when I say: Oh prettybaby, don't bring me down I pray.
Oh prettybaby, now that I found you, stay.
And let me love you, oh baby let me love you, oh baby....
I need you baby, and if it's quite all right,I need you baby to warm a lonely night.
I loveyou baby.
Trust in me when I say: Oh prettybaby, don't bring me down I pray.
Oh prettybaby, now that I found you, stay.
And let me love you, oh baby let me love you, oh baby....

---------------------------------------------------------------
If u haven't tried P2P yet, I recommend you to use it.

One Laptop Per Child (OLPC) Project

Posted by Nobal Niraula ( नोवल निरौला ) Monday, May 28, 2007

One Laptop per Child One Laptop per Child (OLPC) is a new, non-profit association dedicated to research to develop a $100 laptop—a technology that could revolutionize how we educate the world's children. This initiative was first announced by Nicholas Negroponte at the World Economic Forum at Davos, Switzerland in January 2005. Our goal: to provide children around the world with new opportunities to explore, experiment, and express themselves. Please note that the $100 laptops—not yet in production—will not be available for sale. The laptops will only be distributed to schools directly through large government initiatives. Note that most of the work OLPC needs done needs to be done as part of other existing projects, though there will be some OLPC specific opportunities as well. We expect work done in various projects should conform to the licensing policies of that project; work on OLPC specific projects will likely be GPL/LGPL/MIT, depending on precise circumstances, to be determined at the time.
Source:

पोखिएर घामको झुल्का

Posted by Nobal Niraula ( नोवल निरौला )

गीतकार: हरिभक्त कटुवाल

पोखिएर घामको झुल्का भई सँघारमा,
तिम्रो जिन्दगीको ढोका खोलूँ खोलूँ लाग्छ है
सयपत्री फूलसितै फक्री आँगनमा,
बतासको भाखा टिपी बोलूँ बोलूँ लाग्छ है ।

कति कति आँखाहरु बाटो छेक्न आँउछन्,
परेलीमा बास माग्न कति आँखा धाँउछन्
यति धेरै मानिसका यति धेरै आँखाहरु,
मलाई भने तिम्रै आँखा रोजूँ रोजूँ लाग्छ है।

उँडू-उँडू लाग्छ किन प्वाँख कहिले पलायो,
मनको शान्त तलाउको पानी कसले चलायो
आँफैंलाई थाहा छैन कसलाई थाहा होला,
यसैले त तिमीसित सोधूँ सोधूँ लाग्छ है।

पोखिएर घामको झुल्का भई सँघारमा,
तिम्रो जिन्दगीको ढोका खोलूँ खोलूँ लाग्छ है


Difference between IT, ICT and ILT

Posted by Nobal Niraula ( नोवल निरौला ) Sunday, January 14, 2007

In present days, most sectors like production, manufacturing, etc. have been influenced by the computing power. If we listen radio, view television or participate in discussions, we hear the words Information Technology (IT), Information and Communication Technology (ICT), and Information and Learning Technology (ILT) most frequently. These words have become like foundation-words for knowledge-based society. Unfortunately, many of us don't know the differences between IT, ICT and ILT; especially between IT and ICT. In this article, I try my best to make some distinction among these words. Second, third and fourth paragraph describe IT, ICT and ILT respectively.

We are using desktop computers for different purposes. For example, teachers use computer to make power point slides to teach, accountant use some accounting packages. We are familiar with the office packages for creating documents e.g. Word file, Excel etc. In another words, in IT we take stand-alone computer or laptop as a tool to perform our tasks. Therefore, hardware in IT refer to the basic box and peripherals such as scanners, printers, CD ROM, DVD drive, Pen Drive, and so on; software includes some packages like word processors , spreadsheets, databases, graphics and presentation package. So, one can say an expert in IT if s/he is an expert in those items.

Now we say that we are in global village. Anyone can contact with any person from any area of the world easily. This is possible because of the interconnection between individual computers, mobiles, routers, laptops etc. technically, the hosts. This networking provides the sharing of information by means of website, e-mail, and instant messenger, and many other services. This is because of ICT. So, ICT is defined as the interconnection of stand-alone computers across and between institutions, and is a general set of tools and skills that can be applied to a wide range of organizations. Therefore, hardware include in ICT are: server machines, interfaces, access networks, interconnecting medium (technically channels) including wireless/wired etc. and software includes network services, protocols, server programs, client programs etc. Examples of ICT software are: web-browser like Internet Explorer, Mozilla, Apache web server, Windows Net meeting etc.

ILT is nothing but the application of IT and ICT to education. For example, companies give trainings to their employees using IT/ICT to make more efficient and effective man power. So, ILT includes both learners and the teachers. Thus, in ILT we talk about psychological effects of students, their online learning behavior, communication methods etc. and the pedagogical methods, way of presenting the materials etc. Now, the internet is popular tool for ILT.

In conclusion, IT, ICT and ILT are distinct but are related. Most of the developed countries are now heavily depend on IT, ICT and ILT; however; there is a big challenge for developing countries since people cannot afford the hardware and software. Also, there are not sufficient pre-requisites for example electricity, education which are crucial elements for e-society.

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Note: Leave comment if you think I need to edit/update or remove inappropriate content. Your suggestions are highly welcomed.
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Hi Friends.
Warm welcome.
Yes, you are in the right place to learn...
Frequently, we need to wear a tie for example job interview, presentation, party etc. But do you know how to make a knot while wearing a tie? Probably not. I still remember, I used to ask with my sisters to make a knot. Probably, you are taking help from brothers, sisters, parents, friends, wife,...what a boring thing.. isn't it? If you are away from them, then....really a big problem. If you don't know how to make a knot, always open my blog site: http://phulbari.blogspot.com/ from your computer and learn within minutes. In this article, I am providing you a good resource about how to make different knots.
Fig: Windsor Knot

Basically, there are four types of knots. The knots are: Windsor Knot ,Half Windsor Knot ,Four in Hand Knot , Pratt Knot . Among them the basic is Windsor Knot. In this article Please take a tie and try yourself as it guides i.e. learning by doing. Lets start with making a 'windsor Knot'.


1. Windsor Knot

Actually, the following figures shows clearly how to make the know. Start from left-to-right and top-to-bottom.

Step #1

Step #2

Step #3
Step #4
Step #5
Step #6

Step #7

For more knots go to the original article links:

Note: All above pictures are taken from the website: http://www.tie-a-tie.net
General Guidelines while wearing a tie:
  1. When wearing necktie, the end should be just touch the waist of your pants.
  2. Your necktie should preferably be darker than the color of your shirt.
  3. The knot of the tie should be proportional to the collar, it should not force the collar open or lost in it.
  4. Preferably the color of your necktie should not be similar to your suit that they camouflage into it.
  5. The main color of a patterned tie should complement your suit and the secondary color should pick up your shirt.
  6. The texture of the tie should go with your outfit. For example a shiny silk tie should go with a shiny silk shirt and a wool tie should be worn with a wool suit.
  7. Tie your tie in front of a mirror.
  8. Make sure your shirt is buttoned up and your collar up before putting on your tie.
  9. Keep the knot of the tie tight throughout the tying process.
  10. If possible, try not to wear clip-on ties.

Source: http://www.tieshop.co.nz/weartie.html

A Good Opportunity for JAVA Programmers!

Posted by Nobal Niraula ( नोवल निरौला ) Wednesday, January 3, 2007

Wakkanai Hokusel Gaukuen University and Kasareal Software Company is organizing a Java based Software competition. Top 10 software developers will get full scholarship to study M.E. in Japanese University.

If the participant is a professional organization it will get RS 50,000, RS 40,000 and RS 30,000 for first, second and third position respectively. Also, the companies will get the outsourcing work depending on their capacity.

For students, first one will get RS 40,000; second one get RS 30,000; and third one will get RS 20000 and get opportunity for higher study equivalent to USD 13,000.

Note: Dear friends, if you have this type of information and want to share among other, please let me know. I will post in this website. Your comment is valueable for me to proceed in future.


For detail Information:http://can.org.np/pdf/newsletters/newsletter-18.pdf

चुटकिला १

Posted by Nobal Niraula ( नोवल निरौला ) Thursday, December 28, 2006

खचाखच भरिएको एउटा साझाबस काठमाडौंबाट धुलिखेल हुइँकिँदै थियो । बीच बाटोमा एकजना महिला पनि धुलिखेल जान उक्त बस चढिन् । बसमा सवार मानिसहरु अलि अभद्र भै हल्ला गरिरहेको देखेर महिला यात्रुले भनिन् ।
महिला यात्रुः हैन, यो सार्वजनिक बस हो कि जङ्गली जनावरहरुको चिडियाखाना ?महिला रिसाएको थाहा पाएर एक यात्रु पछाडिबाटैः ठीक भन्नुभयो, यो जङ्गली जनावरहरुकै चिडियाखाना हो । एक बाँदर्नीको कमी थियो, तपाई चढेपछि पूरा भयो ।

स्रोत: नेपाल जापान डट कम।

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